Semaphore

Bangalore : Subjective Cartography at European Month of Photography 2010-2011

"Bangalore : a Subjective Cartography" will be presented at "Mutations III : Public Images, Private Views", as part of the European Month of Photography (EMOP).

Official Website of Mutations -EMOP

• 15.10.2010 → 28.02.2011 Berlinische Galerie, Berlin
• 03.11.2008 → 07.12.2008 Bast'Art, Bratislava
• 26.04.2011 → 10.06.2011 Carré Rotondes, Luxembourg
• 03.11.2010 → 28.11.2010 Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris
• 23.09.2010 → 24.09.2010 MACRO Testaccio - !!! missing url !!!, Rome
• 29.10.2010 → 08.01.2011 MUSA Museum auf Abruf, Vienna

Catalogue of Mutations III

bangalore.metamap.fr

Metamap.fr is an on-line cartographic tool that makes it possible to create subjective maps by adding multimedia content: photos, videos, sounds, texts, links, location points and paths. It is then possible to consult this data using a transverse geographical or thematic approach. In the context of the Metamap project carried out in Bangalore, we’re making a series of subjective maps to explore the complexity of the world of communication technology and the way it can influence our behaviour and sensations. Here are some of the key ideas behind ‘Bangalore: Subjective Cartography’.

There are many ways of talking about technology and its effects on human society. In the ‘culture of disenchantment’ (2) upon which industrial society is founded, adopting a rational attitude implies rejecting the principles that prevail in traditional myths, whether they be linked to a ‘magical’ approach to unexplained phenomena, an alchemistic or energetic approach to the body, a spiritual and cosmological singularity, or the power of symbols in relationships between people and their movements in the terrestrial sphere. However we can observe that the explosion of information and communication technologies and their consequences in terms of the multiplication of artificial electromagnetic waves can cause changes to occur in the psychological activities and symbolic imaginations of the people who use them.

The endless debate about whether or not to implement a ‘precaution principle’ relating to the health effects of these waves is symptomatic of a rationalist approach that implies seeking scientific validation before any political decision is made, instead of trying to move forward in harmony with science using a more subjective approach. Age-old traditions based on subjective methods where the starting point is a mental conception that raises a certain metaphysical principle from which it makes deductions, have made it possible to develop empirical knowledge on the effects of the environment on our bodies. In 1907 Henri Bergson wrote in L’évolution créatrice (3): ‘What is visible and tangible in things represents our possible action upon them’. In this sense, then, anything that enriches our perceptions with a view to acting upon reality is worthy of our attention - even if this means using subjective methods whose results are not considered to constitute proof. Subjective detection, where it is used systematically and in parallel with the results of technical measurements, leads to areas of knowledge that could not be attained via theoretical scientific exploration alone.

Globalization has accentuated the uniformization of human relations and behaviours in urban space (from the way we relate to food to our ideas and ways of life). The new infrastructures of communication technologies, artificial electromagnetic waves, noise and pollution produced by industry and human activities in general, thus become potential subjects for investigations into the most contemporary forms of psycho-social urban conditioning. The post-war sociologist Henri Lefebvre (4) accorded considerable importance to art, which he approached not as something autonomous but as the means to an aesthetic experience capable of demonstrating the unfounded nature of conventional daily ways of living. He considered the city to be at the heart of an aesthetic insurrection against the everyday. Human beings, he believed, have anthropological social needs that are neglected by theoretical approaches to the city, and in particular urban planning theories. The need for imagination is ignored by urban design, and imagination is thus absent from the facilities it produces.

The artistic work we have undertaken in India also uses a method that is empirical and autonomous. We use all the arts and technologies that enable us to define subjective maps of the city that highlight the transformations of the psycho-social urban framework, confirming and supporting, via intuitive methods, the various points of view that motivated our inquiry. We build our subjective maps by combining different methods: photography, film, and sound recording; we use home-made tools and sensors to explore the visible and invisible electromagnetic city; we make measurements by taking water from street vendors and performing DIY biological analysis (with webcams made into microscopes); we adopt psycho-geographical approaches in exploring territory, defined as the study of ‘the precise effects of the geographical environment, consciously developed or not, acting directly upon the emotional behaviour of individuals’(5); we produce expressions of personal subjectivity; and we have meetings with experts and witnesses. For example we have collected testimonials from people who complain about the fact that telephone masts have been erected near their homes. We have also met scientists from the National Centre for Biological Sciences who talked about the growing awareness of the negative influence of electromagnetic fields caused by mobile telephones (more than 10 telecom companies and as many transmitters) on the meditation of ancient sages. These ancient practices and this ancient knowledge are threatened by the ever more rapid deployment of electromagnetic technologies. All these elements have gradually enlightened our project.

Technologies that are designed to make communication more comfortable not only reflect a new social relationship between people, entirely mediated by publicity images that make the possession of these objects into a necessary condition for well-being; they also potentially suppress ancestral mediations thanks to which space became visible and tangible. We must preserve this ability to act upon things.

• (1) The project is the continuation of a workshop held between 19/11/09 and 05/12/09 at the Center for Experimental Media Arts at the Shrishti school of art, design and technology in Bangalore (India)
• (2) Max Weber, Le savant et le politique, 10/18, 2002
• (3) Henri Bergson, L'évolution créatrice, PUF, 1998
• (4) Henri Lefebvre, Critique de la vie quotidienne, L'Arche, 1997
• (5) Définitions, Internationale Situationniste n°1, 1958

SUBJECTIVE CARTOGRAPHY : BANGALORE

 

“What is visible and tangible in things represents our possible action upon them.”

Henri Bergson, "Creative evolution"

In this sense then, each device that enriches our perception for possible action on the real is worthy of attention. Even if it means the use of subjective methods, that may not be considered ‘evidence’. However, we must admit that any subjective investigation, when used systematically and in parallel with the results of technical measures, could lead to new possibilities of knowledge that could also enable the deepening of scientific theory.

Initial proposal of workshop from 19/11/09 to 05/12/09 at Center for Experimental Media Arts of l'école d'art, design, technologie Srishti in Bangalore (India), based on Metamap.fr

MeTaMap.fr‭ web application ‬is proposing a digital space for exchange,  expression and exhibition, ‬to constitute an area for experimentation,‭ ‬to imagine what a public space of the future could be.

Every registered person can geo-localise multimedia contributions in order to deliver his or her perception of the area,‭ ‬relate an experience,‭ ‬a moment,‭ ‬share reflexions on the social and cultural environment.‭ ‬Users can then take a tour across this map,‭ visit and experience a disctrict or a city through the eyes and ears of other people,‭ ‬or review the content in a more classic way via photos,‭ ‬galleries,‭ ‬mini networks webtv,‭ ‬personal or collective micro-blogs.

The workshop proposes to create a serie of "subjective cartographies" of the territory of Bangalore, around 2 thematics :

- The visible and the symbolic city : questionning the influence of the urban environment on our behaviours and sensations (zoning of the city, offices areas, technological industries areas, popular areas, etc.) ; research and collect of symbolic signs of the traditional and modern worlds (in publicity, religious symbols, shops vitrines, graffitis, etc.) to question the dichotomy between these two worlds.

- The invisible city : make visible the electromagnetic environment linked to human activity (GSM and wifi hotspots : micro-waves flux), electrical lines in the city and electric power stations (low frequencies), optical fiber high speed networks, etc.

The students and artists of Srishti are invited to explore their urban space through the use of geolocalisation tools (GPS), DIY sensors made during the workshop, but also with more traditionnal audiovisual tools, interviews and meetings with experts.

The collected contents will then be uploaded on the Metamap, offering new forms of narratives and documentary creations on the city of Bangalore.

 

the wiki
http://ressources.levillagenumerique.org/index.php/SubJective_Cartography

the map
http://bangalore.metamap.fr

the students blog
http://bengaluru.blogs.labomedia.org/

"Subjective Cartography : Bangalore" will be exhibited in "European Month of Photography : Mutations III" in 2010-2011

 

 

 

CARTOGRAPHIE SUBJECTIVE

 “Ce qu’il y a de visible et de tangible dans les choses, représente notre action possible sur elles".

Henri Bergson, “L’évolution créatrice” 

Dans ce sens donc chaque dispositif qui enrichit nos perception, en vue d’une action possible sur le réel, est digne d’attention. Même si cela signifie le recours aux méthodes subjectives dont les résultats ne sont pas considérés comme une preuve. Cependant il faut admettre que la détection subjective, là où elle est employée systématiquement et parallèlement avec les résultats de mesures techniques mène à des zones de connaissances qui ne pourraient être atteintes par le seul approfondissement théorique scientifique.

Proposition initiale de workshop du 19/11/09 au 05/12/09 au Center for Experimental Media Arts de l'école d'art, design, technologie Srishti de Bangalore (Inde), basée sur Metamap.fr

MeTaMap.fr propose une carte interactive, qui permet à ses utilisateurs de « géolocaliser » des contributions multimédia (photos, videos, interviews, prises de son, parcours GPS, mesures électro-magnétiques etc) pour proposer leur perception d'un territoire. Le workshop «Cartographie subjective» à Bangalore propose plus spécifiquement aux étudiants de l'école d'art, design, technologie Srishti de faire des recherches et collecter des données sur leur ville selon deux axes: la ville visible (diverses zones urbaines, signes symboliques traditionnels et modernes...) et la ville invisible (environnement électromagnétique lié à l'activité humaine (électricité, GSM, wi-fi, etc.).
Les étudiants localiseront ensuite les contenus collectés sur la Mematap par l'usage de capteurs, traceurs, outils audiovisuels. Les cartes subjectives ainsi réalisées offriront de nouvelles formes de narrations sur la ville de Bangalore.
Les internautes connectés sur Metamap.fr pourront ainsi se déplacer sur les cartes, et parcourir Bangalore à travers le regard et les oreilles des participants de ce workshop.

Metamap est un outil cartographique en ligne qui permet de creer des cartes subjectives en y ajoutant du contenu multimedia : photos, vidéos, textes, liens, points de passages et parcours. Il est alors possible de parcourir ces données par une approche géographique ou thématique en disposant d'une vision transversale.
Dans le contexte du workshop, nous souhaitons constituer une série de cartes subjectives pour questionner la complexité du monde des technologies de communication qui nous entoure et l'influence que cela peut avoir sur nos comportements et sensations.
Les politiques récentes de globalisation ont conduit à des formes d'uniformisation des relations humaines et des conduites dans l'espace urbain (des rapports à la nourriture comme aux idées et manières de vivre) mais également à la création de nouvelles singularités territoriales (villes globales, nouveaux centres économiques, etc.).
Il y a de nombreuses façons de parler des techniques et de leurs effets sur la société humaine. Dans la culture de “désenchantement” sur laquelle se base la société industrielle (tel qu'expliqué par Max Weber notamment), l'attitude rationnelle implique de rejeter les principes qui font office dans les mythes traditionnels, qu'ils soient relatifs à une approche “magique” des phénomènes inexpliqués (des “enchantements” comme chez Cervantes par exemple), à une approche alchimique ou énergétique du corps, à une singularité spirituelle et cosmologique, ou à la puissance du symbolique dans les relations entre les êtres et leur circulation dans le monde terrestre. Cependant nous constatons aujourd'hui que l'irruption massive des technologies de l'information et de la communication et leurs conséquences en terme de multiplication d'ondes électromagnétiques artificielles peuvent entraîner des modifications de l'activité psychique et de l'imaginaire symbolique des personnes qui les utilisent.
Au niveau technologique, les infrastructures des moyens modernes de communication, les ondes électromagnétiques artificielles, les bruits et les pollutions générées par les industries et les activités humaines en général, peuvent donc constituer des sujets d'investigations sur le conditionnement psycho-social urbain.
Les travaux de l'atelier ont donc pour objectif de définir des cartes subjectives de la ville qui permettront d'éclairer ces transformations, de confirmer et soutenir ces points de vue. Nous consituerons ces cartes subjectives pas la combinaison de différentes méthodes : usage et construction d'outils et capteurs pour une exploration de la ville électromagnétique visible et invisible ; approche psychogégraphique dans l'exploration du territoire ; collectes dans la ville et comparaisons de symboles relatifs aux traditions mythiques et ancestrales et symboles relatifs à la modernité technologique ; rencontres d'experts et témoins.

le wiki

http://ressources.levillagenumerique.org/index.php/SubJective_Cartography

la carte
http://bangalore.metamap.fr

le blog des étudiants

http://bengaluru.blogs.labomedia.org/

"Cartographie Subjective : Bangalore" sera exposé durant "European Month of Photography : Mutations III"  en 2010-2011

SKRUNDA SIGNAL

RIXC (Latvia) and Bureau d'etudes / SIC (France)

2007/2008

“Skrunda Signal” is an artistic research project in to the mythical past of a Soviet early warning Radio Location Station (RLS) operating from 1967 to 1998 near Skrunda, Latvia. Internationally known as ‘henhouse’ radars, these powerful transmitters emitting impulse type signals (detected in the West as ‘woodpecker’) were allegedly responsible for shutting down radio transmissions on at least two occasions for up to 7 minutes in the 1970's. A metaphysical investigation into spectral ecology, Cold War politics and electromagnetic myths manifest in “Skrunda Signal” video. It is complemented by the “Electromagnetic pollution” map that positions Skrunda case into a broader context of technical, geopolitical and spectro-ecological debate on the effects of electromagnetic radiation.

SKRUNDA SIGNAL. Installation by RIXC and Bureau d'Etudes / SIC, consiting of large-scale map and video-wall. Proposal, 2008.  

– concept and context: “spectral ecology”

 

The intent of this RIXC's and Bureau d'etudes / SIC research co-project is to encourage a debate on technical, geopolitical and spectro-ecological aspects of electromagnetic radiation. RIXC in their “Skrunda Signal” film extensively investigates these issues by taking the case of the Skrunda RLS (Radio Location Station), a highly important strategic ABM site for USSR, located in the west of Latvia (near Riga), that was dismantled in 1998. SIC has extended this research by creating a large-scale map of “electromagnetic pollution” that displays results of a co-research on giant scale Anti Ballistic Missile radars (ABM) alongside with other most influential radiofrequency radiation sources (such as TV and radio transmitting towers, wi-fi and mobile base stations, etc.). The map shows what effects such facilities can have on nature and humans living in their everyday surroundings.

 

Besides geopolitical issues and ecological effects of electromagnetic radiation, Bureau d'etudes / SIC and RIXC consider it to be important to take into consideration the sensitive equilibrium of the biosphere in general and the possible consequences of electro-smog. While scientific research in this field often have 'misty' results, RIXC and SIC in their artistic interpretations are 'tracing' both – most successful scientific research data and inexplicable electromagnetic myths...

 

– an introduction to Skrunda RLS (1967-1998)
The early warning Radio Location Station build in Skrunda was operating for more than 30 years – from 1967 to 1998. It was located 150 km from Riga, near the town of Skrunda. Skrunda RLS was designed for controlling the Soviet air space as a part of ballistic missile warning system. The function of the station was to fix the altitude, speed and trajectory of a flying object.

Skrunda RLS was a so called “Dnepr” type station. It was composed of two separate sectors (i.e. stations), each consisting of two “wings” (i.e. radars). Each radar wing consisted of a pair of long (250m x 17m) antennas. Antennas were fixed and the operational control was electronic (frequency scanning mode).

 

Officially, the power of the station was held to be 1,25 – 1,8 MW, but it could be increased up to 3 MW and more. The mean power of each transmitter (all together 16 radars) – 50 kW. Frequency range 156-162 Mhz (which was TV frequency in 70ties/80ties); peak duration – 0.8 ms. The distance of surveillance was >6000 km, altitude up to 3000 km. Radars viewed a 186° angle sector in the north-west direction. The station was of continuous operation until 1998.

 

After developing project for a more effective and modern station the construction of “Daryal-UM” type early warning location station begun in Skrunda in 1985 but due to the pullout of USSR military forces in year 1992 the building of object was put on hold. On May 4 1995 the unfinished building of Location Radar “Daryal-Um” was blown up; and from 1998 until 1999 the RLS “Dnepr” got dismantled.

On May 4 1995 the unfinished building of Location Radar “Daryal-Um” was blown up. Videostill.
   

– Skrunda signal: a ‘Henhouse’ or a ‘Woodpecker’?
The powerful radar of Skrunda RLS alongside with its 'regular' transmissions (on frequency range 156-162 Mhz) was transmitting a specific impulse type signal due to which Skrunda radar – as well as other similar Soviet stations build around USSR borders – was known by the international military as a "henhouse" radar. Is it the same as “woodpecker” signal, detected in the West by radioamateurs (on short-waves)? Both signals made a little pecking noise about ten times per second. It is extremely low frequency. Signals of this nature are 'blamed' for affecting the way the people behave – they can effect the ability to be calm, the ability to rationalize... After having interviewed Skrunda researchers, it became clear, that Soviets (at least in Skrunda case) were more interested in developing 'cold war' weapons and espionage tools, and not in mind-controling experiments... So, this could be most likely the solution.

The signal pulse carried a sophisticated code in order to detect approaching object with extremely high accuracy. Thus it resulted into the over-the-horizon-radar system, which could see incoming objects many times further and more precisely than any ordinary radar of the same power at the same distance (even if they are totally out of line or sight). In order to be able to observe space over long distance (that is to have the signal bouncing off ionosphere) – and to stop all TV and radio broadcasting in the world for about 7 minutes, a radar needs to be extremely powerful. So was Skrunda RLS – when working at maximum of the power. And although it couldn't destroy 'cosmic objects' (i.e. ballistic missiles flying in Earth orbit), it could damage radio facilities of the satellites – which was confirmed by the Skrunda main designer himself...

– ecological effect
While the power of radar station was regulated by international and soviet standards, the impulse type signal didn't carry any limitations at all. A special attention in this investigation was paid not so much to military missions as to the station's side effects. Skrunda RLS was located in an agriculturally developed area near Skrunda town, in a valley of Venta river, 150 km from Riga, Latvia. Its signal interfered with local TV and radio transmissions and had an obvious ecological effect on human and living nature, which was scientifically proved in the unique research made by about 50 Latvian scientists of different fields during the past 10 years of Skrunda RLS operation. Among other, a successful research (on pine-trees growth) was conducted by Dr. Valdis Balodis. His results showed significant decrease in tree growth starting with 3 to 5 year period after RLS begun operating and continuing to the end of his study.

 

– myths
The station was 'surrounded' by myths, local stories and unverified experiences – besides many complaints about their health, local inhabitants of Skrunda area had observed a green, fluorescent flare over the meadow near the radar (~800m) in the autumn; have heard hallucinations during the night time – hearing a loud, low noise like a tractor (when there isn’t any); a Betacam camera of foreign journalist crew burnt and hardware crashed while setting up for shooting very near the radar. Nevertheless, one has observed that a pigeon had made its nest on one of the radar wings, although the bird population near the radar was low...

 

VIDEO: Interviews with Skrunda RLS researchers:

Both – scientific reserch and electromagnetic myths are the key areas of this research. Skrunda Signal video includes an introduction of the case and interviews with four Skrunda researchers:

Ints Folkmanis, public observer and member of international EDSO board was the first who regularly was observing RLS operation (measuring its power, etc.) for almost 13 years until shutting it down in 1998.

Dr. Valdis Girts Balodis of University of Latvia from 1989 - 1998 conducted a broad study (involving more then 50 scientists from different fields) about effects on living nature.

Dr. Antons Kolodinskis, director of psychophysiology laboratory and researcher of Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, he has conducted several research relating biological and health effects of electromagnetic fields on humans.

Janis Abelitis - physician, cardiologist, since 1988 conducted a medical research on negative effects of electromagnetic radiation on people living in region of Skrunda RLS.

– references (for Skrunda Signal research)
T. Kalnins, R. Krizbergs, A. Romancuks. 1996. Measurement of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the Skrunda radio location station, Latvia. Sci Total Environ., 180: 51-56
A. Kolodynski, V. Kolodynska. 2006. Electromagnetic fields: legislation and research in Latvia. Proc. Latvian Acad. Sci., 60: 34-38
  Zinātnes Vēstnesis, Latvian Science Academy publicaiton. http://www.lza.lv/ZV/zv020400.htm
  Upmalis I., Latvija – PSRS Karabāze 1939. - 1998., Zelta grauds, Rīga, p 61-77, 2006
  A. Maurins, Skrunda issue rose once again. Diena, 1994. June 17.
I. Magone. 1996. The effect of electromagnetic radiation from Skrunda Radio Location Station on Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden culturesSci. Total Environ., 180: 75-80.
V. Balodis et al. Does the Skrunda Radio Location Station diminish the radial growth of pine trees? Sci. Total Environ., 180: 57-64
T. Selga, M. Selga. 1996. Response of Pnus sylvestris L. Needles to electromagnetic fields. Cytological and ultra structural aspects. Sci. Total Environ. 180: 65-73
Z. Balode. 1996. Assessment of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation by the micronucleus test in Bovine peripheral erythrocytes. Sci. Total Environ. 180: 81-85
A. A. Kolodynski, V. V. Kolodynska. 1996. Motor and psychological functions of school children living in the area of the Skrunda Radio Location Station in Latvia. Sci. Total Environ., 180: 87-93
A. Kolodynski, V. Kolodynska. 2006. Electromagnetic fields: legislation and research in Latvia. Proc. Latvian Acad. Sci., 60: 34-38
Y. Grigoriev. 2006. Mobile telecommunication: Radiobiological issues and risk assessment. Proc. Latvian Acad. Sci., Section B, Vol. 60, 2006, No. 1: 6-10
  and more.
 

MAP: Electromagnetic Pollution

The large-scale map of “electromagnetic pollution” displays the results of the research on giant scale Anti Ballistic Missile radars (ABM) alongside with other most influential radiofrequency radiation sources (such as TV and radio transmitting towers, wi-fi and mobile base stations, etc.). The map shows what effects such facilities can have on nature and humans living in their everyday surroundings.

– references (for Electromagnetic Pollution map)
Tonascia, J.A. and Tonascia, S., 1969: "Hematological Study: progress report on SCC 31732", George Washington University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, February 4, 1969.
Balode, Z., 1996: "Assessment of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation by the micronucleus test in Bovine peripheral erythrocytes". The Science of the Total Environment, 180: 81-86.
Garaj-Vrhovac, V., Horvat, D., Brumen-Mahovic and Racic, J., 1987: "Somatic mutations in persons occupationally exposed to microwave radiation". Mutation Research 181: 321
Garcia-Sagredo, J.M. and Monteagudo, J.L., 1991: "Effect of low-level pulsed electromagnetic fields on human chromosomes in vitro: analysis of chromosome aberrations". Hereditas 115(1): 9-11.
Haider, T., Knasmueller, S., Kundi, M, and Haider, M., 1994: "Clastogenic effects of radiofrequency radiation on chromosomes of Tradescantia". Mutation Research, 324:65-68.
Maes, A., Verschaeve, L., Arroyo, A., De Wagter, C. and Vercruyssen, L., 1993: "In vitro effects of 2454 MHz waves on human peripheral blood lymphocytes". Bioelectromagnetics 14: 495-501.
Maes, A., Collier, M., Slaets, D., and Verschaeve, L., 1996: "954 MHz Microwaves enhance the mutagenic properties of
Macs, A., Collier, M., Van Gorp, U., Vandoninck, S. and Verschaeve, L., 1997: "Cytogenetic effects of 935.2-MHz (GSM) microwaves alone and in combination with mitomycin C". Mutat Res 393(1-2): 151-156.
Vijayalaxmi, B.Z., Frei, M.R., Dusch, S.J., Guel, V., Meltz, M.L. and Jauchem, J.R., 1997a: "Frequency of micronuclei in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of cancer-prone mice chronically exposed to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation - a correction". Radiation Research, 148
Lai, H. and Singh, N.P., 1995: "Acute low-intensity microwave exposure increases DNA single-strand breaks in rat brain cells". Bioelectromagnetics 16: 207-210.
Malyapa, RS., Ahem, E.W., Bi, C., Straube, W.L.., LaRegina, M., Pickard, W.F. and Roti Roti, J.L., 1998: "DNA damage in rat brain cells after in vivo exposure to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation and various methods of euthanasia". Radiation Research 149(6): 637-645.
Malyapa, R.S., Ahern, E.W., Bi, C., Straube, W.L., Moros, E.G., Pickard, W.F. and Roti Roti, JL., 1997b: "Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the cellular phone communication frequency band (835.62 and 847.74 MHz)". Radiation Research 148: 618-627
Dr. NEIL CHERRY, Childhood cancer incidence in the vicinity of the Sutro Tower, San Francisco, 29may00, www.mindfully.org/Technology/Sutro-Tower-EMF-Cancer29may00.htm
Kolodynski, Motor and psychological functions of school children living in the area of the Skrunda radio location station in Latvia. Sci Total Environ 1996;180:87-9
  Upmalis I., Latvija – PSRS Karabze 1939. - 1998., Zelta grauds, Rga, p 61-77, 2006]
  A. Maurins, Skrunda issue raised once again. Diena, 1994. June 17.]
I. Magone. 1996. The effect of electromagnetic radiation from Skrunda Radio Location Station on Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden culturesSci. Total Environ., 180: 75-80.]
V. Balodis et al. Does the Skrunda Radio Location Station diminish the radial growth of pine trees? Sci. Total Environ., 180: 57-64
T. Selga, M. Selga. 1996. Response of Pnus sylvestris L. Needles to electromagneticfields. Cytological and ultrastructural aspects. Sci. Total Environ. 180: 65-73]
  Liepa,V. and Balodis V. Monitoring of bird breeding near a powerful radar station. Baltic Birds-
  Conference on the study and conservation of birds of the Baltic region. Vilnius: 39. 1993.
"http://www.werple.net.au/~ints/skrunda1.htm”, etc.

Authors / artists
"Skrunda Signal" installation consists of "Skrunda signal" video and "Electromagnetic pollution" map.
Video produced by RIXC team (Raitis Smits, Rasa Smite, Martins Ratniks, Linda Vebere), 2007/2008.
Map made by Bureau d'etudes (Léonore Bonaccini and Xavier Fourt) / S.I.C. (Spectral Investigations Collective : Horia Cosmin Samoïla, Ewen Chardronnet, BdE), 2007/2008.

http://www.rixc.lv/projects/skrunda_signal/